When two dissimilar metals are placed in an electrically conductive solution (even tap water is conductive), they will form a battery and generate a voltage by electrolysis. In addition to a standard union, there exist dielectric unions which are used to separate dissimilar metals (such as copper and galvanized steel) to avoid the damaging effects of galvanic corrosion. Pipe unions are essentially a type of flange connector, as discussed further below. While a coupling would require either solvent welding, soldering or being able to rotate with all the pipes adjacent as with a threaded coupling, a union provides a simple transition, allowing easy connection or disconnection at any future time. Fire hazards, earthquake resistance, and other factors also influence choice of fitting materials.Ī combination pipe union and reducer fitting (brass threaded)Ī union is similar to a coupling, except it is designed to allow quick and convenient disconnection of pipes for maintenance or fixture replacement. For example, brass- or bronze-bodied fittings are common in otherwise copper piping and plumbing systems.
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However, any material that is allowed by the plumbing, health, or building code (as applicable) may be used, but must be compatible with the other materials in the system, the fluids being transported, and the temperatures and pressures inside and outside of the system. The bodies of fittings for pipe and tubing are most often of the same base material as the pipe or tubing being connected, for example, copper, steel, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), or acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). 4.7 Double Sanitary Tee (Sanitary Cross).4 Drain-waste-vent (DWV) and related fittings.3 Common fittings for both piping and plumbing.Valves are technically fittings, but are usually discussed separately. The term tubing is sometimes used for lighter-weight piping, especially types that are flexible enough to be supplied in coiled form.įittings (especially uncommon types) require money, time, materials, and tools to install, so they are a non-trivial part of piping and plumbing systems. high pressure, high flow, high temperature, hazardous materials) conveyance of fluids in specialized applications. The term plumbing is generally used to describe conveyance of water, gas, or liquid waste in ordinary domestic or commercial environments, whereas piping is often used to describe high-performance (e.g. Assorted pipe fittings: 1.Copper, solder 2.Iron or brass, threaded 3.Brass, compression 4.Brass, transition from compression to solder 5.Brass, special adaptorsįittings are used in pipe and plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections, to adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes, such as regulating or measuring fluid flow.
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